Russia remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. With the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with revolutionary-controlled Russia Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. On 21 March 1918, the German Army had launched Operation Michael, the first in a series of attacks planned to drive the Allies back along the length of the Western Front. Amiens was one of the first major battles involving armoured warfare and marked the end of trench warfare on the Western Front fighting becoming mobile once again until the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918. This led Erich Ludendorff to describe the first day of the battle as "the black day of the German Army". The battle is also notable for its effects on both sides' morale and the large number of surrendering German forces. Allied forces advanced over 11 kilometres (7 mi) on the first day, one of the greatest advances of the war, with Henry Rawlinson's British Fourth Army playing the decisive role. The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Third Battle of Picardy (French: 3ème Bataille de Picardie), was the opening phase of the Allied offensive which began on 8 August 1918, later known as the Hundred Days Offensive, that ultimately led to the end of the First World War.
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